INTRODUCTION

主席先生兼委员会成员，感谢您有机会今天在您面前露面，讨论美国陆军对您的军队进入21世纪的信息优势的看法。我将解决我们的愿景，以及军队为实现信息优势和信息保证而采取的一些行动。我已经提交了一份有关这些主题的书面声明，因此我将口头评论限制在简短的摘要中，以简要介绍我们打算采用信息技术来提高战场上的力量效力并在机构军队中提高效率。

SUMMARY

As you know, since WWII the US has embraced high technology as a fundamental pillar in our National Defense Strategy. The most notable example of this technology-based strategy during the Cold War was nuclear weapons and their deployment systems. In the 21st Century we believe the high technology that will provide a decisive advantage is Information Technology (IT) employed in our weapons systems, sensors, logistics systems and command and control systems. Our vision for achieving Information Superiority is codified in Army Vision 2010 and Joint Vision 2010. We also plan to use Information Technology and the Best Business Practices that this technology enables as a means to empower the Army to become more efficient and effective in executing our institutional and Title 10 missions.

For the past five years one of the Army's highest priorities has been to "digitize the battlefield." Our campaign objectives are to build digitized tactical and operational Forces for deployment in all potential modes ranging from small unit operations of the type conducted by Special Operations Forces to large-scale deployments with Joint Task Forces (JTF). Our concept for digitizing the Institutional Army to achieve economies and efficiencies, as envisioned by the Defense Reform Initiatives, ranges from recruiting and mobilization, through Distance Learning and Telemedicine, to Electronic Commerce and Knowledge Management and a host of other functions.

Information Superiority and Dominance are the central organizing principles for Joint Vision 2010 (JV 2010) and Army Vision 2010 (AV 2010). The information network will be the integrating mechanism for the joint and combined warfighting team. The fundamental precept for JV 2010 is to leverage information technology to achieve Dominant Maneuver, Precision Engagement, Focused Logistics and Full Dimensional Protection.

Within the Army our main focus has been on digitizing the tactical forces to provide full spectrum dominance through the use of computers, digital communications and embedded Information Technology. We are embedding computers in virtually all Weapons Systems and we're supporting them by leveraging the emerging Information Super Highway. Because we are predominantly a CONUS based Force we are using the Information Super Highway to connect deployed forces to the installations from which they were deployed to a theater of operations.

21世纪的军队必须通过技术插入不断进行现代化，以实现和维持信息优势和信息优势。这不是静态端状态；这是一个连续的过程。我们的当务之急是在任何环境中使用这项技术来维持决定性的优势，从重大的区域冲突到战争以外的军事行动。而且，由于陆军将作为联合和联合部队的一部分进行战斗，因此我们必须获得与姊妹服务和联盟合作伙伴互操作的系统。

Connectivity of CONUS based facilities to deployed Forces worldwide requires wide area networking as provided by the DISN. Adequate end-to-end connectivity also depends on a robust and reliable digital infrastructure on our Posts, Camps and Stations in CONUS and high capacity communications deployed with the tactical and operational forces. To achieve this digital connectivity we envision exploiting commercial technology to the maximum extent practical, complemented by the assured and protected communications provided by military owned and operated systems such as the MILSTAR constellation. We envision forces equipped with the IT necessary to enable the Network-centric Warfare concepts as described by Admiral Cebrowski. Our goal is to digitize our entire force from Soldiers at the "pointed end of the spear" equipped with miniaturized Land Warrior systems through each succeeding echelon to the command centers at the Joint Task Force level and higher.

我们对数字化军队的愿景集中在战士上，为我们的士兵提供了前所未有的情境意识。访问关键和及时的信息，并带有接近实时传感器的射击连接性，并从他们被要求捍卫我们的国家利益的任何地方访问。在21世纪的前十年中，陆军将朝着基于知识的土地战发展，特别是创造了精神上的敏捷力量。为了实现这一能力，陆军打算在2000年进行第一个数字化的部门，到2004年第一个数字化的军团，并在2010年进行完全数字化的部队。

None of this will be easy. Nor will it be inexpensive. The Army's digitization efforts are included in over 100 program elements and budget lines because computers are integral to virtually all new systems. We are working hard to meet the challenges of integrating these systems through the use of standards, a common joint architecture, and commercial technology packaged to operate in a military environment. We are committed to Joint interoperability; Joint developments, such as the Joint Tactical Radio System; commercial best practices, such as those using the power of the Internet; and cooperative efforts to secure our digital infrastructure against hostile attack or exploitation.

我们期待与OSD，联合工作人员，我们的姊妹服务和国会密切合作，因为我们对美国的陆军进行了现代化并维持持续的信息优势。我们将在各种活动中需要您的帮助；从提供资源到帮助保护军事频谱免于拍卖并帮助改革我们的采集流程，以便我们可以像商业世界一样在短周期内插入信息技术升级，而没有对工业技术的详尽要求。这完成了我的摘要。

Protecting the Frequency Spectrum

Spectrum availability is essential to warfighting and support systems. For example, Mobile Subscriber Equipment (MSE), Single Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System (SINCGARS), Patriot Missiles, Global Positioning System etc… all rely on the military’s accesses to the spectrum. Digitization requires greater electromagnetic spectrum access rather than less. Our ability to enhance command and control on the move, provide reach back and to collect, process, and disseminate an uninterrupted flow of information to the warfighters is critically dependent upon unimpeded access to this critical national resource. As you are aware, the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) has established policies and guidelines for the use of the electromagnetic spectrum by ALL Federal Government agencies. The Army is OBLIGATED to comply with these policies. Public Law 104-28 charges Federal agencies for costs associated with spectrum management, analysis, operations, and related services.

One of the dilemmas we face is that the electromagnetic spectrum is of great value to both military and commercial applications. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act 1993 (OBRA 93) and the Balanced Budget Act 1997 (BBA 97) mandated rapid electromagnetic spectrum reallocations. The DOD, as primary users of this portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, will experience major costs impacts and impairments to critical missions as a result of the reallocations. The chart below illustrates the impact of 2 congressional actions only. The total of proposed and actual reallocations exceeds 1500 MHz.

国防部意识到电磁范围正在受到私营部门的巨大攻击。国防部必须有信心（IT）可以使用电磁频谱。如果国防部将从电磁频谱的部分地区流离失所，则需要补偿以适应位移。

确保信息技术

We recognize that IT is not the sole domain of US Forces. We also recognize that our dependence on IT creates potential vulnerabilities that we must mitigate. Our response must be one of continual vigilance and evolutionary modernization of information security capabilities to insure we retain a decisive advantage. This includes giving our Soldiers technology that will allow them to see farther, shoot further, shoot first and mass the effects of our weapons systems through real time digital coordination and synchronization on any battlefield. Our continuous improvement process mandates the use of main stream commercial standards and Joint Technical Architectures to accommodate continual modernization through technology insertion in to our weapons platforms. This technology must be integrated not only with computer and communications systems but also with sensors, shooters and self-protection devices that are integral to modern weapons platforms.

We recognize that for every measure there is a countermeasure, particularly in the electronic and IT networking domain. We take Information Assurance very seriously. Consequently we are embracing a "Red Teaming" concept to identify weakness in our operational and institutional information systems employing electronic and IT capabilities and we are taking proactive measures to provide Information Assurance. We have a robust and aggressive Network Security Improvement Program (NSIP) and a responsive Intrusion Detection and Information Assurance Vulnerability Alert (IAVA) notification process with well-defined procedures to respond quickly in the event of either an intrusion or penetration. We have established positive control; 24X7.

As the transition from a forward presence of deployed forces to global power projection from CONUS and overseas bases, many of the functional differences between deployed forces and the power projection base will become transparent. Many critical functions that were once performed within the battlespace (e.g., intelligence, logistics) will be located at the power projection bases. The full effect of modern precision fire power, maneuver capabilities, and split-based operations resident on the 21st Century battlefield will not be realized without investing sufficiently in protecting the information infrastructure that binds these components together.

Training

Finally, of particular concern as we build this "high tech" force is the recruiting and retention of a "high tech" work force. It is clear that we will be able to capitalize on "Information Age" primary and secondary education but the competition in the private sector will be daunting. Enhancements in educational benefits and bonuses along with a more competitive pay system will go a long way to ameliorate this detractor. We are also capitalizing on Computer Based Training capabilities to raise the "IT IQ" throughout the Force. As these capabilities expand and improve along with Distance Learning, unimpeded and encouraged access to this type of high tech education will become an incredible incentive to our youth. The good news is that we have a validated process in place. But this process is a journey, not a static end-state.

DIGITIZING THE BATTLEFIELD

正如前面提到的,之前美国陆军最高之一ity requirements for Force XXI is "Digitizing the Battlefield." Digitizing the Battlefield is the application of information technologies to establish networks that will allow us to acquire, exchange, and employ timely digital information throughout the battlespace, tailored to the needs of each decider (commander), shooter, and supporter...allowing each to maintain a clear and accurate vision of the joint/combined battlespace necessary to support both planning and execution. Our goal is to provide our Soldiers at all echelons something we call situational awareness by using IT to build a common operational picture of the battlespace. This answers three enduring critical elements of information required by all warfighters; "Where am I? Where are my Buddies? Where is the Enemy?"

The Army’s ongoing Horizontal Technology Integration program extends technological improvements to all elements fighting together. The initiatives "Own the Night," "Combat Identification," and "Battlefield Digitization" include a group of near-term modernization programs that significantly enhance combat effectiveness.

将所有这一切都将所有这些都联系在一起的命令和控制系统是陆军战斗指挥系统（ABCS）。陆军战斗指挥系统是确保明天数字化战场的无缝集成和互操作性的关键框架，并向战士提供情境意识。当前的学说依靠战士能够：

*查看并了解战场的当前状态

* Visualize how the battlefield is developing

*将他对操作操作的意图和概念交给他的员工，

*将他的意志强加于敌人

abc领域数字化指挥控制(C2)帽子ability with modernized tactical operations centers, enhanced Army Tactical Command and Control Systems (ATCCS) fielded down to battalion level, and digital battle command and situational awareness capability from platform to Echelons above Corps, interfaced with Gobal Command and Control System (GCCS) and Coalition C2 systems via Global Command and Control System - Army (GCCS-A). Failure to provide this capability will impact the warfighters’ ability to (1) achieve the common relevant picture through a seamless, tailorable, interoperable, automated battle command system, and (2) receive and process time-sensitive C2 information to shorten the decision cycle process. ABCS will provide real time, accurate information. It will ensure that our warfighters can plan, prepare and execute military operations faster and more decisively than the enemy. ABCS is the bridge between how we command and control today to that required to execute military operations in the 21st century. It will be a seamless, interoperable battle command system that digitally links the entire battlefield. It provides the commander the ability to remain connected to his sustaining base when conducting split base operations. ABCS will give the Army the ability to fight and win on the 21st century information battlefield. It gives commanders the means to plan, prepare for, and execute military operations faster than any future enemy commander.

The ATCCS components Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System (AFATDS), the Forward Air Defense Command, Control and Intelligence System (FAADC2I), the Combat Service Support Control System (CSSCS), and the All Source Analysis System (ASAS), all provide critical support to battlefield commanders. Of greater importance is their feed to the Maneuver Control System, (MCS) which will provide the operational commander true situational awareness and feed essential elements of information to higher echelons.

The Warfighter Information Network (WIN) is the Army’s plan to ensure that we have the ability to pass information throughout the strategic, operational and tactical level. WIN is an integrated C4 umbrella concept that is comprised of commercially based, high technology information communication systems. WIN is designed to increase the capacity and velocity of information distribution throughout the battlespace.

WIN consists of seven components: Power Projection Platforms, Satellite Transport, Terrestrial Transport, Tactical Internet/Combat Net Radio, Information Services, Tactical Information Systems, and Network Management. The major benefits of WIN are: simultaneous voice, data, and video, more efficient use of bandwidth, lower numbers of different systems in inventory, multi-level security, and leveraged commercial satellite services.

The major fielding milestones will be to provide Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Switch technology, High Capacity Line of Sight Radio (HCLOS), and High Speed Routers to First Digitized Division (FDD) by FY00, the First Digitized Corps (FDC) (III Corps) by FY04 and the remainder of Army with same capability as the FDD by FY10.

赢得信息战争的最后关键是我们的XXI战斗命令大队（FBCB2），通过战术互联网将提供真实的实时情境意识。

Force XXI Battle Command Brigade and Below (FBCB2) is a sub-element and a key component of the Army Battle Command System (ABCS). FBCB2, as a key component of the ABCS, is the critical framework to ensure the seamless integration and interoperability of tomorrow’s digitized battlefield. FBCB2 is a digital, battle command information system that provides mounted/dismounted tactical combat, combat support and combat service support commanders, leaders and soldiers integrated, on-the-move, real-time/near-real time, battle command information and situational awareness from brigade down to the soldier/platform level across all Battlefield Functional Areas (BFAs). FBCB2 is located in the mounted and dismounted maneuver (divisional, separate, heavy and light) cavalry/reconnaissance, and armored cavalry, mechanized infantry, infantry and aviation units; FBCB2 integrates with Army Tactical Command and Control Systems (ATCCS) located within the Brigade and Battalion and will provide the common relevant picture at the strategic level. FBCB2 integrates emerging and existing communication, weapon, and sensor systems to facilitate automated status, positional, situational, and combat awareness reporting.

-FBCB2集成了许多现有的命令和控制功能，从而实时实时共享关键战场信息，以前不容易访问。

-FBCB2是战斗命令信息系统，提供了完成从旅到平台以及旅特遣部队内所有平台的ABC信息流程流程的技术。此外，FBCB2将为指挥官提供远程操作和维护ABCS数据库连接的能力，无论命令车辆如何，并通过数字控制和监视其从属单位状态和位置。

-FBCB2提供了从战略层面到排领导者的完全集成的命令和控制能力，包括联合和跨国功能。

- Provides timely and accurate friendly locations, reducing the potential for fratricide.

- Provides a significant increase in the ability of commanders and leaders at all levels to quickly synchronize forces and fires and rapidly make decisions to increase operational tempo.

- Achieves shared situational awareness which provides a clear and accurate common picture of battlespace to commanders at all levels.

- 利用民用部门的信息技术取得了重大进步（例如，便携式笔记本电脑，互联网技术，直接广播电视）。

The Tactical Internet (TI), a communications infrastructure and as a sub-element of Army Battle Command System (ABCS), is critical in digitizing the battlespace to provide command and control capability throughout the force. This requires a horizontally and vertically integrated digital information network that supports warfighting systems at Corps and Below and assures command and control decision cycle superiority.

战术互联网由三个当前系统组成：增强位置的位置报告系统（EPLR）；单通道地面和机载无线电系统（Sincgars）；以及移动用户设备/战术数据包网络（MSE/TPN）。这些将与数字化的陆军旅，师和军团形成一个单一的，无缝的数据通信系统。战术互联网（TI）将促进信息共享，并将容易为访问网络的每个授权用户提供。战术互联网对于在旅的战场上及以下的战场上实现情境意识至关重要。当人们研究军队过去曾经用来开展业务的方式时，战术互联网的革命潜力变得清晰。最重要的是，战术互联网在战术力量中促进了情境意识（SA），这意味着所有友好的政党（指挥官和下属）都对战斗空间有一个共同的理解。此外，战术互联网提供了一种快速，清晰地传达信息和订单的方法：

TI将支持关键服务，例如消息传递，目录，网络管理和安全性。

The TI will provide the warfighter a data communications infrastructure that provides a gateway to strategic networks, e.g. Single Internet Protocol Router Network (SIPRNET.)

The use of open commercial data communications standards greatly facilitates incorporation of new technology as it emerges.

The TI is the centerpiece of "digitization" – the digital conduit that transports information to improve lethality, increase tempo, and enhance survivability.

Even with the ongoing SINCGARS, EPLRS, and MSE/TPN enhancements, the channel capacity of the Tactical Internet is insufficient. The Near Term Digital Radio (NTDR) temporarily fills a void as a Tactical Operations Center (TOC) to TOC data hauler in time for the First Digitized Division (FDD) in FY00. It is based on commercial technology that was successfully demonstrated during the November 1997 Army Warfighting Experiment (AWE). The NTDR strategy incorporates important lessons learned and technology breakthroughs that will expedite transition to a Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) that will satisfy future wide-band networked data radio capability.

The NTDR strategy meshes with the JTRS development strategy. It is a gap-filler needed between current fielded radio capabilities and JTRS. The NTDR brings an additional 288 KiloBits Per Second (KBPS) at the tactical level to serve as a bridge until a JTRS for ground components is available for fielding.

在操作剧院中实现联合互操作性的关键是联合战术无线电系统（JTRS）。JTR不仅仅是收音机。这是建立联合战术互联网所需的第一个组成部分。简而言之，它是一个多播，多模，软件可编程，具有网络的无线电。这确实是观察无线电系统的革命性方式。

联合战术无线电系统(JTRS)不会ly stem the proliferation of independent, non-interoperable solutions for a programmable radio, but will meet new and emerging requirements for information dominance on the digitized battlefield through enhanced voice, data, and video communication. JTRS will perform in a most flexible manner and be designed as a family of advanced, reliable, and dynamic communications platforms, while providing operational forces with an upgraded communications capability and ensuring interoperability among Joint and coalition forces.

The JTRS will consist of a core set of common requirements supplemented by specific requirements for ground forces, airborne, maritime, and fixed domains. JTRS will provide affordable, high capacity, tactical communications to meet the bandwidth needs of various echelons using a family of digital, modular, software programmable radios, ranging from a low cost joint tactical radio to a higher capacity, joint multi-band, multi-mode radio communications. The JTRS configuration includes imbedded communications security (COMSEC) and Global Positioning System (GPS) as well as common hardware (modular and scalable). JTRS will be compatible with legacy systems, and must have the capacity to import commercial and future military waveforms.

数字化安装

作为基于CONUS的电力投影军，部署的军/部门后边界是安装或维持基础。由于战场正在数字化，因此还必须将安装数字化。我们对安装现代化的关键程序是一个称为PPC4I的雨伞程序。我们将安装信息基础架构架构（I3A）称为Architectural Master Plan：

I3A is an enterprise network, which includes a mixture of commercial and military assets that enable dynamic data routing. The network will be standards based and will contain adaptable pathways of high capacity voice, data, imagery, video service communications links; lightweight, mobile tactical systems; fiber optics, data gateways; and modern switching technology. PPC4I leverages this infrastructure along with increased reliability on space-based systems (e.g., Satellites and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), to support split-based operations, operations in urban areas, and to provide connectivity among deployed forces.

PPC4I包括所有陆军装置（电力投影平台，电源支持平台以及其他剩余的装置）。电力投影平台：Carson，Riley，Sill，Bliss，Lewis，Hood，Bragg，Benning，Polk，Stewart，Stewart，Campbell，Drum，Dix，Dix，McCoy和Eustis。电力支持平台：Rucker，Shelby，Knox，Roberts，Huachuca，Leonard Wood，Lee，Chambersburg，Chambersburg，Jackson，APG，Buchanan和Gowen Field。

The components of PPC4I are four major initiatives to modernize the digital infrastructure of Army installations to enable us to "import best commercial practices" and labor saving technology).

A。外部电缆康复：在装置上以高容量的“纤维骨干”放置（类似于主要道路）。取代老化（完全不足）铜。它是实施军事物流事务革命，业务流程重新设计以及进口其他商业最佳实践的关键推动力。

b. Common User Installation Transport Network: Provides "servers" and cables to connect the backbone to buildings and distribution nodes for high-speed data transfer on post.

C。Army Defense Information System Network (DISN) Router Program: Provides "gateways" to the DISN (off-post connections) and network management capabilities.

d。MACOM电话现代化计划：为用户提供现代数字“开关”和链接。

数字化使我们能够安装Reengineer how we do business, support the Defense Reform Initiatives and support deployed warfighters with reach back capabilities. Examples of what this enables are:

A。与部署部队和基于分裂的操作的联系。实现GCSS-A，GCC和技术的潜力，用于指挥官之间的虚拟会议和协作。

b. Distance Learning connectivity. Revolution in Training Army-wide.

C。知识管理和基于Web的访问机构化的机构范围内。

d。电子商务。无纸化收缩。细胞膜-Mart-like inventory control. Total Asset Visibility. Just in time logistics and major reduction in storage/stockage. Revolution in Military Logistics. Efficiencies. Soldier and staff officer connections to Defense Travel Service. Smart card exploitation across multiple functional areas.

e. Teleconferencing, collaborative planning, white-boarding, reduced TDY.

F。远程医疗。

G。国防改革计划。如果我们没有连接，我们将无法有效执行（例如，当OSD关闭印刷工厂并通过网络或CD ROM发布时，我们需要连接或以陆军费用进行Xerox Mega页面）。

h. Keeps the Army in synch with the commercial (off post) digital infrastructure and allows us to import best practices from the commercial world. We can't have it both ways -- if we want to import commercial practices we have to have the infrastructure these practices assume are in place.

REVOLUTION IN BUSINESS AFFAIRS and ACQUISITION REFORM

In the past, the improvement of military forces could be characterized as part of an arms race; however, in the future, this race will be one of modernization, emphasizing continuous improvements in information, processes, and transactions. Through C4I/IT, the Army will combine the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) of the Operational Army with the Revolution in Business Affairs (RBA) of the Institutional Army to develop a unified approach that will allow the Army to perform efficiently as one team. The Operational Army will undergo an evolutionary change in C4I/IT from today's platform-centric environment to the network-centric construct of Army XXI. Concurrently, the Institutional Army will incorporate industry's best practices and achieve the flexibility to adapt to the changing business space.

我们在技术插入方面取得的关键成功之一是战士的快速获取计划（WRAP）。尽管精简，我们已经建立了一个纪律严明的过程，以确保只有最关键的需求才能满足。当前批准的包装计划包括：近距离战术培训师（CCTT-XXI），HEMTT-负载处理系统（LHS），医疗物流局（MEDLOG-D），步枪发射的入场弹药（RLEM），战术人员系统（TPS），TACTICAL Personnel System（TPS），（TPS），（TPS），和航空的手臂战术教练

The Army has experienced success with acquisition reform to reduce cost and time in the acquisition process through the Spiral Development process. An icon of industry and government cooperation in spiral development is the Central Technical Support Facility (CTSF) at Ft Hood, Texas. Rapid development with primary focus on resolving interoperability issues among disparate platforms and responding quickly to user assessment is achieved by strict adherence to the JTA and forging strategic alliances among industry and government members. The CTSF validates technology with Soldiers in the Loop.

There is a key point to be made about development with Soldiers in the Loop. Today, our young Soldiers are more likely to believe an "icon on a screen" than the "old guard." This is not a pejorative statement but a statement of fact. The "old guard" preserves the Warrior Spirit and instills the same in our young Soldiers. This context has guided our approach to adapting IT for our Forces. We have inserted IT in such a way as to capitalize on these two critical attributes; insertion of high technology without undermining the warrior spirit but enhancing it.

我们现代化这一过程,军队正在toward a paperless acquisition process by fielding the Standard Procurement System (SPS) in conjunction with JCALS. The goal of this capability is to create a totally paper-free acquisition process, providing leaders with critical information, at a moments notice, that will enable the Army to modernize better, cheaper, and faster. Continued emphasis is required to develop acceptance of bolder revisions that will enable managers in both the Army and industry to streamline further to process and reduce the cost and time to develop and field systems.

总之，我认为陆军已经抓住了对其在土地战中未来作用的高度令人信服的愿景。我们通过一个全面的过程进行了思考，该过程确定了实现这一愿景所需的关键科学和技术投资。通过在我们的部队发展和现代化上进行正确的投资，21世纪的军队在国内或国外捍卫我们国家的利益时将具有决定性的优势。未来的军队和美国将成为这一合作和挑战性努力的受益者。